In 1978, a 14-year-old named V.A. Shiva Ayyadurai developed a computer program, which replicated the features of the interoffice, inter-organizational paper mail system. He named his program “EMAIL”. Shiva filed an application for copyright in his program and in 1982 the United States Copyright Office issued a Certificate of Registration, No. TXu-111-775, to him on the program. As required by the Regulations of the Copyright Office, he deposited portions of the original source code with the program. Prominent in the code is the name “EMAIL” that he gave to the program. He received a second Certificate of Registration, No. TXu-108-715, for the “EMAIL User’s Manual” he had prepared to accompany the program and that taught unsophisticated user’s how to use EMAIL’s features.
Sunday, December 30, 2012
Shiva Ayyadurai a Tamilian invented EMail
V. A. Shiva Ayyadurai (born December 2, 1963 in Tamil Nadu, India) is an American scientist and entrepreneur. He is currently a faculty lecturer in the Department of Biological Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and teaches Systems Visualization for the Comparative Media Studies department at MIT
In 1978, a 14-year-old named V.A. Shiva Ayyadurai developed a computer program, which replicated the features of the interoffice, inter-organizational paper mail system. He named his program “EMAIL”. Shiva filed an application for copyright in his program and in 1982 the United States Copyright Office issued a Certificate of Registration, No. TXu-111-775, to him on the program. As required by the Regulations of the Copyright Office, he deposited portions of the original source code with the program. Prominent in the code is the name “EMAIL” that he gave to the program. He received a second Certificate of Registration, No. TXu-108-715, for the “EMAIL User’s Manual” he had prepared to accompany the program and that taught unsophisticated user’s how to use EMAIL’s features.
In 1978, a 14-year-old named V.A. Shiva Ayyadurai developed a computer program, which replicated the features of the interoffice, inter-organizational paper mail system. He named his program “EMAIL”. Shiva filed an application for copyright in his program and in 1982 the United States Copyright Office issued a Certificate of Registration, No. TXu-111-775, to him on the program. As required by the Regulations of the Copyright Office, he deposited portions of the original source code with the program. Prominent in the code is the name “EMAIL” that he gave to the program. He received a second Certificate of Registration, No. TXu-108-715, for the “EMAIL User’s Manual” he had prepared to accompany the program and that taught unsophisticated user’s how to use EMAIL’s features.
Saturday, December 29, 2012
Tamilagam the cradle of the human race
Tamilaham, or the ancient Tamil Country, was the submerged continent of Lemuria in the Indian Ocean on both sides of the equator. In his History of Creation Vol. I & II and in the Pedigree of Man, Prof. Haeckal assures us that the Indian Ocean formed a continent which extended from the Sunda Islands, along the coast of Asia to the east coast of Africa, and which is of great importance as having been the cradle of the human race. Sir Walter Raleigh's 'History of the World' strongly supports the hypothesis regarding the first nursery of man, and affirms that "India was the first planted and peopled country after flood." The locality of the origin of the earliest race from the most recent researches appears to have been on lands now submerged beneath the Indian Ocean. An account of the 'Lost Lemuria' by Scott, Elliot will be found instructive and interesting and confirmatory of the original adobe of man in the southern ocean. In 'Peoples and Problems of India' Sir T. W. Holderness writes "Peninsular India or the Deccan (literally the country of the south) is geologically distinct from the Indo-Gangetic plain and Himalaya. It is the remains of the former continent which stretched continuously to Africa in the space now occupied by the Indian Ocean.
The land south of Vindhia Hill was an island, called 'Navalan Deevu' and Tamilaham was a vast continent bordering on Africa in the west, on Australia in the South, and touching Kamaschatka far in the east. Tamilaham was in the existence 15,000 years ago Ancient Madura and Kavatapuram or Mutthoor were the capitals of the Pandya kingdom. Lanka was a portion of the old continent.
Archaeologists point out the influence of Tamil on the languages spoken in the distant lands. Sir W. W. Hunter, History of India, says that the language spoken at Kamaschatka at the North-East corner of Asia is considered by eminent authorities to be a dialect of Tamil. In the Indian Antiquary, Vol. X, we find that the language spoken by the Maories in the far-off New Zealand which forms the ultima thule of the 700 Kathams of the Tamil land from Cape Comorin referred to in the Silappathikaram and the languages spoken by the inhabitants of the numerous groups of islands between these to boundaries are similarly akin to Tamil.
After the submergence of the original Tamilaham and the emergence of the Himalaya, the land lying between the latter and Cape Comorin became one, and has now come to be known as India. The Tamil warriors then spread their conquests as far as the Himalaya and established their kingdoms there. The adventurous Tamils who had escaped the floods in their boats seem to have founded colonies in Africa and Europe and proceeded to the farthest west as America. Scholars have found out that the language spoken at Tuscany in Italy is a dialect of Tamil. Tamil is one of the classical languages of the world and Tamil words are found in the other classical languages viz, Sanskrit, Hebrew and Greek. These and many other researches are likely to prove that the Tamilaham was the cradle of the whole human race.
Tholkaappiyar - The author of Tholkaappiyam
Citation
Tamil Literature by M. S. Purnalingam Pillai
The land south of Vindhia Hill was an island, called 'Navalan Deevu' and Tamilaham was a vast continent bordering on Africa in the west, on Australia in the South, and touching Kamaschatka far in the east. Tamilaham was in the existence 15,000 years ago Ancient Madura and Kavatapuram or Mutthoor were the capitals of the Pandya kingdom. Lanka was a portion of the old continent.
Archaeologists point out the influence of Tamil on the languages spoken in the distant lands. Sir W. W. Hunter, History of India, says that the language spoken at Kamaschatka at the North-East corner of Asia is considered by eminent authorities to be a dialect of Tamil. In the Indian Antiquary, Vol. X, we find that the language spoken by the Maories in the far-off New Zealand which forms the ultima thule of the 700 Kathams of the Tamil land from Cape Comorin referred to in the Silappathikaram and the languages spoken by the inhabitants of the numerous groups of islands between these to boundaries are similarly akin to Tamil.
After the submergence of the original Tamilaham and the emergence of the Himalaya, the land lying between the latter and Cape Comorin became one, and has now come to be known as India. The Tamil warriors then spread their conquests as far as the Himalaya and established their kingdoms there. The adventurous Tamils who had escaped the floods in their boats seem to have founded colonies in Africa and Europe and proceeded to the farthest west as America. Scholars have found out that the language spoken at Tuscany in Italy is a dialect of Tamil. Tamil is one of the classical languages of the world and Tamil words are found in the other classical languages viz, Sanskrit, Hebrew and Greek. These and many other researches are likely to prove that the Tamilaham was the cradle of the whole human race.
Tholkaappiyar - The author of Tholkaappiyam
Tholkaappiyam is the most ancient extant Tamil grammar text and the oldest extant long work of Tamil literature.
Citation
Tamil Literature by M. S. Purnalingam Pillai
Sunday, November 25, 2012
Are Tamils Dravidians?
The people who were dislocated in the wake of submergence of Dwaraka were brought to the South by Sage Agsthya and they settled down throughout the regions of the the eastern parts of the western ghars. Kudremukh is a major region which is mentioned as Kuthirai malai in Pura nanuru. The Velirs who were regarded as the 3rd chain of Philanthropists (கடை ஏழு வள்ளல்கள்) ruled from Kuthirai malai (குதிரை மலை )
The veLIr clan appears to have descended from the northern yadus of dvAraka about 49 generations before the days of kapilar, the brAhmaNa poet in tamil. The most celebrated of the veLIrs was Ay aNDiran who ruled on the podimalai mountain, probably a rocky spur near Karur. The veLIrs appear to have emerged from the Dvaraka via the Konkans where they fought many a fierce battle and then settled in the Tamil country.
Tamilnadu was different from the regions ruled by Velirs. The land of the Velir king was Kudremukh which is part of Karnataka now. The Tamil kings could not accpet the Velirs and were all the times at loggerheads with them. One popular example is that Paari, a Velir king. These kings and numerous other sects brought by Agasthya had embraced the Tamillands as theirs. They seemed to know Tamil even before hand. Otherwise they could not have patronized Tamil and Tamil poets and earned the disticntion as patrons. Poetess Ouvaiyaar and poet Kapilar were well known personalities who have sung in praise of Velir Kings. Unless Tamil had been a widely spoken language, such an easy adaptation could not have happened.
Even the division of lands into 5 with Mullai lands of forest tracts seems to be introduced to accommodate the people of Dwaraka after their migration. Tholkaappiyar, originally known as Trunathumaagni, the foremost disciple of Agasthya spoke first about the lands allotted to migrated cowherds. 'காடழித்து நாடாக்கி' அந்த மக்களுக்கு வாழ இடம் செய்து தரப்பட்டது என்று நச்சினார்க்கினியர் தொல்காப்பியப் பாயிரஉரையில் கூறுகிறார். They later came to be called as Dravidas - ' those who ran away' by their kin who chose to migrate towards North through the Saraswathy Basin (which is now excavated as Harappan regions). The traces of those people settled in those areas are known as Indus Civilization. No wonder they share commonality with the people of the South because of the fusion of those people in Tamil lands.
Moreover unless Tamil had been a well known language of those times throughout Bharatha varsha - similar to how Hindi is known over most areas of India today - the easy merger with locals could not have happened for the Velirs. Their area of concentration was the present day Karnataka. That is why Dravida land was located in that part - along with Saurashtra in the Kurma Chakra from Pre-Varahamihira times onwards.
Finally it is all about the same culture throughout Bharatha varsha and predominance of Tamil throughout India. Tamil in Tamilnadu had retained its pristine purity. But the migrants from Dwaraka who must have known Sanskrit fused the two languages in course of time that gave rise to Kannada. Today the Kannadigas also have asked for classical status for Kannada. They quote the similarity of their language with the classical language, sanskrit. But the mix of Tamil in their language can not be disputed. Kannada is a by-product of two languages, perhaps fit enough to be called as Dravidian language as their area was called as Dravida in olden days.
Tamil on the other hand is different and unique. It is idiotic to deny the uniqueness of Tamil and ape for some Indus connection. The tradition and culture revealed by Sangam texts is intact. Violation of it by these brainless politicians is something unpardonable. Some day Historians will understand the truth of Tamil identity as unconnected with Dravidian identity. Let the Tamil speaking population shake off themselves from the brain washing and understand the truth.
Tamil kings and Tamil lands in the South as given in Mahabharatha
# Mbh.8.12.471
They consisted of Dhrishtadyumna and Shikhandi and the five sons of Draupadi and the Prabhadrakas, and Satyaki and Chekitana with the Dravida forces, and the Pandyas, the Cholas
# Mbh.7.23.1149
The mighty Sarangadhwaja, endued with wealth of energy, the king of the Pandyas, on steeds of the hue of the moon's rays and decked with armour set with stones of lapis lazuli, advanced upon Drona, stretching his excellent bow.
# Mbh.7.23.1151
Obtaining weapons then from Bhishma and Drona, Rama andKripa, prince Sarangadhwaja became, in weapons, the equal ofRukmi and Karna and Arjuna and Achyuta.
# Mbh.7.23.1155
Steeds that were all of the hue of the Atrusa flower bore a hundred and forty thousand principle car-warriors that followed thatSarangadhwaja, the king of the Pandyas.
# Mbh.2.14.593
And, O king of kings, Bhishmaka, the mighty king of the Bhojas, the friend of Indra, the slayer of hostile heroes, who governs a fourth part of the world, who by his learning conquered the Pandyas and theKratha-Kausikas, whose brother the brave Akriti was like Rama, the son of Jamdagni, hath become a servitor to the king of Magadha.
# Mbh.3.88.4821
And, O Yudhishthira, in the country of the Pandyas are the tirthas named Agastya and Varuna!
# Mbh.7.11.414
The Avantis, the Southerners, the Mountaineers, the Daserakas, theKasmirakas, the Aurasikas, the Pisachas, the Samudgalas, theKamvojas, the Vatadhanas, the Cholas, the Pandyas
Even the division of lands into 5 with Mullai lands of forest tracts seems to be introduced to accommodate the people of Dwaraka after their migration. Tholkaappiyar, originally known as Trunathumaagni, the foremost disciple of Agasthya spoke first about the lands allotted to migrated cowherds. 'காடழித்து நாடாக்கி' அந்த மக்களுக்கு வாழ இடம் செய்து தரப்பட்டது என்று நச்சினார்க்கினியர் தொல்காப்பியப் பாயிரஉரையில் கூறுகிறார். They later came to be called as Dravidas - ' those who ran away' by their kin who chose to migrate towards North through the Saraswathy Basin (which is now excavated as Harappan regions). The traces of those people settled in those areas are known as Indus Civilization. No wonder they share commonality with the people of the South because of the fusion of those people in Tamil lands.
Moreover unless Tamil had been a well known language of those times throughout Bharatha varsha - similar to how Hindi is known over most areas of India today - the easy merger with locals could not have happened for the Velirs. Their area of concentration was the present day Karnataka. That is why Dravida land was located in that part - along with Saurashtra in the Kurma Chakra from Pre-Varahamihira times onwards.
Finally it is all about the same culture throughout Bharatha varsha and predominance of Tamil throughout India. Tamil in Tamilnadu had retained its pristine purity. But the migrants from Dwaraka who must have known Sanskrit fused the two languages in course of time that gave rise to Kannada. Today the Kannadigas also have asked for classical status for Kannada. They quote the similarity of their language with the classical language, sanskrit. But the mix of Tamil in their language can not be disputed. Kannada is a by-product of two languages, perhaps fit enough to be called as Dravidian language as their area was called as Dravida in olden days.
Tamil on the other hand is different and unique. It is idiotic to deny the uniqueness of Tamil and ape for some Indus connection. The tradition and culture revealed by Sangam texts is intact. Violation of it by these brainless politicians is something unpardonable. Some day Historians will understand the truth of Tamil identity as unconnected with Dravidian identity. Let the Tamil speaking population shake off themselves from the brain washing and understand the truth.
Tamil kings and Tamil lands in the South as given in Mahabharatha
They consisted of Dhrishtadyumna and Shikhandi and the five sons of Draupadi and the Prabhadrakas, and Satyaki and Chekitana with the Dravida forces, and the Pandyas, the Cholas
# Mbh.7.23.1149
The mighty Sarangadhwaja, endued with wealth of energy, the king of the Pandyas, on steeds of the hue of the moon's rays and decked with armour set with stones of lapis lazuli, advanced upon Drona, stretching his excellent bow.
# Mbh.7.23.1151
Obtaining weapons then from Bhishma and Drona, Rama andKripa, prince Sarangadhwaja became, in weapons, the equal ofRukmi and Karna and Arjuna and Achyuta.
# Mbh.7.23.1155
Steeds that were all of the hue of the Atrusa flower bore a hundred and forty thousand principle car-warriors that followed thatSarangadhwaja, the king of the Pandyas.
# Mbh.2.14.593
And, O king of kings, Bhishmaka, the mighty king of the Bhojas, the friend of Indra, the slayer of hostile heroes, who governs a fourth part of the world, who by his learning conquered the Pandyas and theKratha-Kausikas, whose brother the brave Akriti was like Rama, the son of Jamdagni, hath become a servitor to the king of Magadha.
# Mbh.3.88.4821
And, O Yudhishthira, in the country of the Pandyas are the tirthas named Agastya and Varuna!
# Mbh.7.11.414
The Avantis, the Southerners, the Mountaineers, the Daserakas, theKasmirakas, the Aurasikas, the Pisachas, the Samudgalas, theKamvojas, the Vatadhanas, the Cholas, the Pandyas
Thursday, August 9, 2012
Mahatma Gandhi - Thirukkural
"I wanted to learn Tamil, only to enable me to study Valluvar’s Thirukkural through his mother tongue itself.There is no one who has given such treasure of wisdom like him." - Mahatma Gandhi
Tamil language is amongst the oldest living languages of the world with its extra-ordinary volume of literature and grammar. It has been the means through which people have vividly expressed their understanding, aspirations and ideals. Its oldest work Tolkaappiyam dates back to about 200 years BC. Some of the greatest works of ancient Tamil are of the Sangam period. The poets of the Sangam age belonged to all categories of occupations ranging from potters and peasants of a village to the merchants and the noble class. Among them were also women poets. This is a sign of equality in Tamil society. In fact, the message of peace, universality and of the human race being one was propounded more than 2000 years ago by a Sangam poet in the famous lines:
Thirukural written by Thiruvalluvar is a remarkable treatise on ethics. Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation, at one point of time is known to have said, "I wanted to learn Tamil to enable me to study Valluvar's Thirukural in his mother tongue itself. It is a treasure of wisdom."
In the library of Tamil literature, Cilappatikaram and Manimekalai are works of excellence as are the landmark epics of Sivakachintamani and the Kambaramayanam and the soul-stirring hymns of Nayanars and Alvars. Tamil literary personalities made signal contributions to our national independence movement. The poems and songs of Subramania Bharathi evoked, in the minds of the people of India, deep feelings of patriotism during our freedom struggle
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